Introduction- Injuries to calf area impact various populations. Calf strain injuries occur with high-speed running or fatiguing conditions of performance. Anatomy The “calf” refers to the posterior compartment muscles of your lower leg. It is composed of three muscles: Gastrocnemius-…
Definition Osteo arthritis (OA) is one of the degenerative andchronic conditions affecting people all over the world. It is more common in elderly, however younger age group populations and athletes are also susceptible. In OA degenrative changes occur around the joint.…
What is a curl-up ? The curl-up exercise targets abdominal muscles. It increases its strength, improves endurance, enhances core stability, and provides back support. Technique of curl up- Start in supine position Place your feet comfortably flat on the floor…
Background- Constraint Induced Movement Therapy CIMT is a new treatment technique for neuro muscular rehab cases. It helps to improve the arm motor ability and the functional use. It forces the use of the affected side by restraining the unaffected…
Background- Some children have challenging behaviours that are outside the norm for their age, thus it is essential to understand behavioural problems in children. These could be conduct disorder, ADHD, disruptive disorders, etc Oppositional Defiant Disorder occurs under the age…
Introduction to osteopenia- Osteopenia causes loss of bone mineral density (BMD). However it is not as low as osteoporosis. It is a severe precursor for the development of osteoporosis. Etiology- The process of bone maintenance is called “remodelling”, in which…
Chronic kidney disease (CKD): CKD leads to A progressive loss of glomerular function. It is present when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is less than 60 ml m2. This should be present for three consecutive months or greater. It may…
Introduction- Myasthenia gravis is a condition affecting the neuromuscular junction. It is a relatively rare,also an auto immune disease. It is caused by antibodies blocking acetyl choline receptors. Thus it inhibits its effects. It manifests as a generalized muscle weakness,…
Background- The ABI or ankle brachial index is a non invasive tool to assess the presence of peripheral arterial disease. It assesses the severity of arterial insufficiency during ambulation. How to measure ? The ankle-brachial index ABI is measured by…
Introduction- Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder. It is defined by restriction of energy intake causing a significantly low body weight. Patients will have an intense fear of gaining weight. Pathophysiology of anorexia- Biological and environmental factors play a role.…