Introduction- Thoracic hyper kyphosis is one of the spinal deformities which is described as an excessive curvature of the thoracic spine. Categories of thoracic hyper kyphosis- Scheuermann’s Disease- it is the Juvenile form of hyperkyphosis. this includes a Defect of…
Definition/Description- Scoliosis refers to a spinal mal-alignment, that is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It is often diagnosed in childhood. The spine’s normal curves position the head over the pelvis. Spinal Anatomy The vertebral column normally consists of…
Introduction- When pressure inside the closed forearm compartment increases causing a compromise of microcirculation, and tissue damage, this condition is referred to as compartment syndrome. The compression causes ischemia and also tissue damage. Moreover If not diagnosed and treated at…
Introduction- Dry needling is an invasive procedure where a fine needle is inserted into the muscle. Trigger point dry needling can be carried out at superficial or as well as deep level. Superficial – the insertion of needles to 5-10mm for…
Introduction- Trapezitis is a condition referring to pain, stiffness, and tightness of the upper trapezius, resulting in acute or persistent neck-shoulder pain.It is a symptom of an existing underlying condition. Trapezius muscle consists of 3 parts- superior, middle, inferior. Aetiology…
Introduction- Injuries to calf area impact various populations. Calf strain injuries occur with high-speed running or fatiguing conditions of performance. Anatomy The “calf” refers to the posterior compartment muscles of your lower leg. It is composed of three muscles: Gastrocnemius-…
Definition Osteo arthritis (OA) is one of the degenerative andchronic conditions affecting people all over the world. It is more common in elderly, however younger age group populations and athletes are also susceptible. In OA degenrative changes occur around the joint.…
Background- Constraint Induced Movement Therapy CIMT is a new treatment technique for neuro muscular rehab cases. It helps to improve the arm motor ability and the functional use. It forces the use of the affected side by restraining the unaffected…
Introduction to osteopenia- Osteopenia causes loss of bone mineral density (BMD). However it is not as low as osteoporosis. It is a severe precursor for the development of osteoporosis. Etiology- The process of bone maintenance is called “remodelling”, in which…
Introduction- Myasthenia gravis is a condition affecting the neuromuscular junction. It is a relatively rare,also an auto immune disease. It is caused by antibodies blocking acetyl choline receptors. Thus it inhibits its effects. It manifests as a generalized muscle weakness,…