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Trauma to the head: Concussion injuries-

Introduction Concussion is a complex injury, mostly trauma-induced.it involves  transient alteration in brain function. Usually there is no structural abnormality and no loss of consciousness in most cases. Mechanism of Injury of concussion- Concussion occurs as a result of a…

Chronic kidney disease- CKD:

kidney

Chronic kidney disease (CKD): CKD leads to A progressive loss of glomerular function. It is present when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is less than 60 ml m2. This should be present for three consecutive months or greater. It may…